Today, with the center rebuilt many times since colonial days, the major interest lies in the beach communities south of the city center rather than in Rio’s buildings and monuments. For some 60 years, the beach districts of Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon have been Rio’s heart and soul, providing a constant source of recreation to maintain the city’s fame as the most dynamic and captivating tourist capital in South America.

Today, with the center rebuilt many times since colonial days, the major interest lies in the beach communities south of the city center rather than in Rio’s buildings and monuments. For some 60 years, the beach districts of Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon have been Rio’s heart and soul, providing a constant source of recreation to maintain the city’s fame as the most dynamic and captivating tourist capital in South America.

Multicolored buildings surrounding Pelourinho Square, narrow cobblestone streets, a colorful market and countless churches make a picturesque and fascinating historic center. Toward the mouth of the bay lies the newer section, with skyscrapers and some fine homes built during the last century. Farther out, at Porto da Barra, are the best city beaches, bars and restaurants. At the mouth of the bay stands the Fort of San Antonio, built on the spot where Amérigo Vespucci landed in 1501. The road along the seafront passes the famous lighthouse and leads to Salvador’s new suburbs along a string of golden beaches.

Recife, with a population of nearly 2 million, is Brazil’s fourth largest city and the capital of the State of Pernambuco. It also has the distinction of not having been founded by the Portuguese. In fact, it was the Dutch Prince Maurice of Nassau who founded Recife in 1637 on reclaimed land after his troops had burned Olinda, the original capital. The city center consists of three portions: Recife proper with the dock area and commercial buildings, located on an island formed by the rivers Capibaribe, Beberibe and Pina; Santo Antonio, which is also located on the island; and Boa Vista. The latter part is made into an island by the Canal Tacaruna, which separates it from the mainland. South of the center lies the residential and beach district of Boa Viagem, reached via a bridge across the Pina River. Although Recife itself has long since burst its original, colonial boundaries and much of the city center is given over to modern skyscrapers and office buildings, there are still a few quiet squares with a number of impressive churches and lovely public buildings as well as several interesting museums. In addition, nearby Olinda lends colonial grace and elegance which accounts for much of the area’s attraction as a tourist destination. The less determined sightseer will find parks, beaches, and especially the markets, where it is easy to absorb the feel of the city and watch people get on with their lives.

Lie back and let it all go in Fortaleza – a bright and breezy Brazillian beachside city of relaxation and rejuvenation. The ‘City of Light’ basks in the reliable glow of the bountiful Brazilian sun for 2,800 hours each year, and the locals make the most of it, spreading out across sweeping stretches of pristine golden sand. Nestled on the north-eastern coast of Brazil, reaching towards the equator, the city is as off the beaten track as a vast state capital can be, and it moves to its own infectious forró rhythms. Get energised for a day exploring – or relaxing – with a morning swim. Dip into the sea at Praia do Futuro, or settle on the sand to listen to the soundtrack of the waves. Fresh coconut water served up from barracas – beach bars – will keep you feeling nice and refreshed. Iracema beach is another urban favourite, while Cumbuco Beach is a tempting option outside of Fortaleza, boasting a vast stretch of idyllic white sand that’s punctuated only by the occasional leaning palm tree. Raise the pulse by skidding and roll across sand dunes while you’re out here. If you’ve had your fill of sea and sand, explore Fortaleza itself to discover more of Brazil’s fifth-largest city. Walk streets of ice-cream coloured colonial buildings, or head to Dragão do Mar Cultural Center – a mini-city of arts venues alive with culture and creativity. The Metropolitan Cathedral squeezes a congregation of 5,000 into its Neo-Romanesque architecture, and its stain glass windows blaze vivid colours across its elegant, white-wash interior.

You wouldn’t know it, as you approach the soft sands and gently waving weave of palm trees, but this tropical paradise once stashed away some of France’s most notorious criminals. Home to one of history’s most remote and brutal penal colonies, Ile Royale is one of three – somewhat ironically named – Salvation Islands. The neighbouring Devil’s Island’s title offers some honest insight into how these islands were previously thought of. View less Nowadays, you’ll discover a heavenly escape of tropical beaches, and jungle reclaiming the island from the prison’s imprint and cleansing its dark history within a cloak of verdant green. The setting for Steve McQueen’s Papillon, and indeed the 2017 remake, the films tell the story of Henri Charriere’s attempted escapes from these notoriously impossible to leave islands, which lie seven miles offshore from French Guiana. Unravel the stories for yourself, as you explore the ruins that have been left behind. Wander to the chapel that was constructed by prisoners, as well as the island’s hospital and staff quarters. There’s incredible wildlife among the penal colony’s ruins too. Cute agouti sniff tentatively at fallen coconuts, vast sea turtles lounge around, squirrel monkeys clamber up through the vegetation, and giant iguanas bask in the sun’s glow. Wander the path that loops around the island’s circumference to spot them, and to discover the lay of the land. Now administered by the French equivalent of NASA, CNES, the islands are occasionally cleared, as rocket launches roar up into the sky overhead.

Bridgetown, the captivating capital of Barbados, combines faded colonial history, captivating tradition, and vivid white beaches plucked directly from your richest imagination of Caribbean perfection. Recently listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, thanks to its beautifully preserved colonial architecture, Bridgetown’s mask of modernity covers a core of complex history and fascinating culture. Sherbet coloured buildings line up to overlook the waterfront of the Constitution River at the ‘The Careenage’ – where gleaming ships bob on the blue water, and peaceful strolls along a wooden boardwalk await. Stop for a sobering moment at the commemorative plaque honouring the people traded at this spot, when Bridgetown was the British Empire’s most important harbour, and first stop on the Transatlantic Slave Trade crossing. Just five minutes’ stroll from here is Carlisle Bay – a postcard-perfect place where you’ll find crystal-clear, turquoise seawater glowing in the Caribbean sun, and a mile of soft white powder sand. A treasure trove for divers, the shipwrecks scattered below the shallow water’s waves are now inhabited by turtles and swirling, rainbow-coloured tropical fish. Head to the backstreets, where street food vendors serve up spicy chicken soup, barbecued pigtails and thirst-quenching coconut water. There are bargains aplenty to be had on Broad Street, where duty-free malls and souvenir stalls cram together, vying for your attention. Roebuck Street is the spot where one of the Caribbean’s favourite drinks, rum, was discovered – having been created here from the by-products of the island’s booming sugarcane trade. Nowadays, it’s lined with bars splashing every variety of the deliciously spicy dark libation imaginable into glasses. For a touch more culture, visit one of the oldest synagogues in The Americas – Nidhe Israel Synagogue, which was built in 1654. The adjoining museum tells the story of Barbados’ Jewish immigrants, who were instrumental in the island’s development.